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Sturgeon-class submarine
The ''Sturgeon''-class (known colloquially in naval circles as the ''637''-class) was a class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy from the 1960s until 2004. They were the "workhorses" of the Navy's attack submarine fleet throughout much of the Cold War. The boats were phased out in the 1990s and early 21st century, as their successors, the ''Los Angeles'', followed by the ''Seawolf'' and ''Virginia''-class boats, entered service.
==Design==
The ''Sturgeon''s were essentially lengthened and improved variants of the ''Thresher/Permit'' class that directly preceded them. The five-compartment arrangement of the ''Permit''s was retained, including the bow compartment, operations compartment, reactor compartment, auxiliary machinery room no. 2, and the engine room. The extra length was in the operations compartment, including longer torpedo racks to accommodate additional Mark 37 torpedoes, the most advanced in service at the time of the class's design in the late 1950s. The class was designed to SUBSAFE requirements, with seawater, main ballast, and other systems redesigned for improved safety.〔 The biggest difference was the much larger sail, which permitted a second periscope and additional intelligence-gathering masts. The fairwater planes mounted on the sail could rotate 90 degrees, allowing the submarine to surface through thin ice.〔 Because the S5W reactor was used, the same as in the ''Skipjack''s and ''Thresher/Permit''s, and the displacement was increased, the ''Sturgeon''s' top speed was , 2 knots slower than the ''Thresher/Permit''s.
The last nine ''Sturgeon''s were lengthened to provide more space for electronic equipment and habitability. The extra space also helped facilitate the use of dry deck shelters first deployed in 1982.
The class received mid-life upgrades in the 1980s, including the BQQ-5 sonar suite with a retractable towed array, Mk 117 torpedo fire control equipment, and other electronics upgrades.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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